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This research proposal analyze the performance of local criminal factions in the south zone of Macapá through the spatialization of the rates of violent crimes against life and drug trafficking, being the path chosen to observe the unfolding of this phenomenon in the daily flows of the urban space and formation of spaces of fear. Understanding this process allows us to deepen the discussion about the domain of these organizations, the formation of their respective territories and territorialities, as well as their ability to influence the relationships established in vulnerable spaces, stimulating subversive actions antagonized by hatred. In order to obtain these actions, data will be collected on specific indicators, in this case homicides and drug trafficking in the time frame from 2019 to 2021, the mapping of these data will indicate the geographic concentration of territorialities and the spaces affected by it, enabling the analysis of the impacts of fixation of these subjects in leading roles in the articulation of actions in the urban space.

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Coastal regions are transition areas that connect terrestrial and marine environments. These environments are home to complex, dynamic ecosystems, with great biological diversity and high environmental fragility. The Amapense Coastal Zone extends for around 800 km between the mouths of the Jarí and Oiapoque rivers, covering portions of 11 municipalities, being subdivided into estuarine and oceanic sectors. It has dynamics marked by the interaction between atmospheric, oceanographic and fluvial agents, responsible for changes in the landscape that overlap on a very small temporal scale compared to other environments. These changes are controlled by the interactive action of tidal, wave and wind processes that cause erosion, transport, sedimentation and seasonal changes in coastlines. Among the most sensitive regions of the coast is the low estuarine coastal sector that extends between the mouth of the Gurijuba river and Araguari, in this stretch, the environments are markedly fluvio-marine, the coastal plain is very low presenting its greatest width, the constant increase of river sediments and obstructed paleochannels, strong influence of salinity, intense erosion processes and opening of drainages. This research aims to analyze short-term morphological changes in the coastal sector of the lower estuarine between the years 1992, 2005, 2014 and 2022. The methodological procedures involve the steps of surveying physical-natural characteristics, description of coastal processes and analysis multitemporal with geoprocessing techniques, to delimit the coastline, the vegetation line was adopted as a geoindicator due to its ability to measure and evaluate coastal processes and forms, considering the high reflectivity of mangrove vegetation in remote sensor images. The results demonstrate that accretion processes predominated by 60%, represented by the morphological characteristics of formation of pointed bars, clogging processes, formation of muddy banks and tidal flats, concentrating in the regions of the former mouth of the Araguari river, island of Bailique and Já Franco, 40% of erosion processes are present in the form of river erosion and opening of drainages, especially the Gurijuba, Uricurituba and Igarapé Mamão rivers. Changes in the landscape have caused numerous impacts, especially related to erosion processes, such as the loss of houses and schools, lack of electricity due to constant ruptures in the distribution network, intensification of saline intrusion and, consequently, scarcity of drinking water. Of the 20 (twenty) communities monitored, 6 (six) are under the influence of accretion processes and 14 (fourteen) are under erosion processes, with emphasis on Junco, Foz do Gurijuba, Escola Bosque, Macedônia, Itamatatuba, Boa Esperança and Vila Progress. Among the measures highlighted in this study as essential in combating erosion are integrated actions between coastal managers and State research bodies with the application of existing studies on risk management policies, adoption of adaptation measures to these impacts, taking into account that happen seasonally.

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