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The increasing changes in coastal regions and marine spaces have generated various problems, evidenced by climate change and increasingly frequent disasters. These areas are crucial for human activities, as they facilitate the flow and reception of production, while also providing conditions for cultural development, leisure, and habitation. They are also strategically important for national sovereignty and security, and they exhibit high ecosystemic, biotic, and economic diversity, which can enhance the current availability of resources. In this context, the need for effective planning and management of these territories is growing, driven by global actions such as the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2020–2030), which emphasizes the importance of protecting and sustainably using these resources. Within this scenario, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) emerges as an essential tool for managing these areas, offering an analytical and systematic approach that reconciles economic development, environmental preservation, and social well-being. MSP can directly contribute to the production of technical data on the marine and coastal space of Amapá, where public policies show low levels of adoption and effectiveness. In this way, it contributes to the formulation of decision-making support tools, considering the tension between preservation and the use of local potentialities. This region is fundamental for biodiversity and climate dynamics, and it has a high capacity for atmospheric carbon sequestration. However, it faces serious social challenges, such as high poverty rates and low Human Development Index (HDI), which demand development policies that, in turn, are hindered by the limited effectiveness of public management directed at the marine and coastal space. The imminent exploitation of hydrocarbons and offshore activities along the Amapá coast is a concrete possibility for local economic development. This study analyzes how geographic science can contribute to the production of studies and data to support Coastal Management, and how Marine Spatial Planning can contribute to Amapá’s development. The adopted methodology included spatial analysis based on Marine Geography, addressing physical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects through qualitative and quantitative data. The literature review followed a scientometric approach using the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), accessed via CAFe. Data were discussed alongside government documents, technical standards, academic event materials, and online resources related to Coastal Management and MSP. Geospatial data and metadata were extracted from the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (INDE) and the National Oceanographic Data Bank (BNDO), and were also requested from institutions and authors identified during the theoretical review. Approximately 65 descriptors were analyzed using ArcGIS software. The results show that Amapá possesses around 45% of the data necessary for implementing MSP and Coastal Management. There is a diversity of unsystematized studies with incomplete geodata. These descriptors can support management and indicate areas in Marine Geography that require updating and monitoring, contributing to an effective management model and to the implementation of MSP in Amapá.

Coastal regions are transition areas that connect terrestrial and marine environments. These environments are home to complex, dynamic ecosystems, with great biological diversity and high environmental fragility. The Amapense Coastal Zone extends for around 800 km between the mouths of the Jarí and Oiapoque rivers, covering portions of 11 municipalities, being subdivided into estuarine and oceanic sectors. It has dynamics marked by the interaction between atmospheric, oceanographic and fluvial agents, responsible for changes in the landscape that overlap on a very small temporal scale compared to other environments. These changes are controlled by the interactive action of tidal, wave and wind processes that cause erosion, transport, sedimentation and seasonal changes in coastlines. Among the most sensitive regions of the coast is the low estuarine coastal sector that extends between the mouth of the Gurijuba river and Araguari, in this stretch, the environments are markedly fluvio-marine, the coastal plain is very low presenting its greatest width, the constant increase of river sediments and obstructed paleochannels, strong influence of salinity, intense erosion processes and opening of drainages. This research aims to analyze short-term morphological changes in the coastal sector of the lower estuarine between the years 1992, 2005, 2014 and 2022. The methodological procedures involve the steps of surveying physical-natural characteristics, description of coastal processes and analysis multitemporal with geoprocessing techniques, to delimit the coastline, the vegetation line was adopted as a geoindicator due to its ability to measure and evaluate coastal processes and forms, considering the high reflectivity of mangrove vegetation in remote sensor images. The results demonstrate that accretion processes predominated by 60%, represented by the morphological characteristics of formation of pointed bars, clogging processes, formation of muddy banks and tidal flats, concentrating in the regions of the former mouth of the Araguari river, island of Bailique and Já Franco, 40% of erosion processes are present in the form of river erosion and opening of drainages, especially the Gurijuba, Uricurituba and Igarapé Mamão rivers. Changes in the landscape have caused numerous impacts, especially related to erosion processes, such as the loss of houses and schools, lack of electricity due to constant ruptures in the distribution network, intensification of saline intrusion and, consequently, scarcity of drinking water. Of the 20 (twenty) communities monitored, 6 (six) are under the influence of accretion processes and 14 (fourteen) are under erosion processes, with emphasis on Junco, Foz do Gurijuba, Escola Bosque, Macedônia, Itamatatuba, Boa Esperança and Vila Progress. Among the measures highlighted in this study as essential in combating erosion are integrated actions between coastal managers and State research bodies with the application of existing studies on risk management policies, adoption of adaptation measures to these impacts, taking into account that happen seasonally.

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