Active biodegradable films have been receiving significant attention in the food industry as they offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional packaging. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer with a high film-forming capacity, which has played an important role in packaging production. In parallel, copaiba oleoresin (CO) is a natural product with functional properties, such as antimicrobial activity, that can be incorporated into packaging. However, its lipophilicity makes it difficult to incorporate into hydrophilic films. To overcome this challenge and improve the miscibility of the film components, as well as extend the release time of the bioactive compound, emulsions based on silk fibroin (SF) and CO, referred to as SF‒CO, were used. Thus, we explored the development of biodegradable PVA films loaded with SF‒CO for potential use in active food packaging. The films were characterized, showing significant improvements in both their physicochemical properties and nanomorphology. Films containing 10% SF‒CO exhibited superior mechanical strength, with a Young’s modulus of 145 MPa and an elongation at break of 385%, compared to the control film with 42 MPa and 314%, respectively. The films also demonstrated barrier properties, with water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) as low as 25.95 g/h·m2. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was significantly improved, showing inhibition zones of up to 10 ± 1 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 μg∙mL-1. 3D nanomorphological analysis via atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed increased roughness in films with higher SF‒CO content, with root mean square (RMS) roughness values ranging from 2.70 nm to 11.5 nm. These results highlight the potential of SF‒CO-loaded PVA films as robust, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional packaging materials. They provide improved mechanical and antimicrobial properties, essential for extending the shelf life of perishable foods and advancing sustainability in the packaging industry.

Staphylococcus aureus is a highly prevalent microorganism with high mortality rates. The
MRSA and VRSA strains of S. aureus, studied in this project, show resistance mechanisms to
the main antibiotics on the market, driving the need for the development of new bioactive
compounds. Computer Aided Bioactive Compound Design is a set of tools that allow
understanding, predicting, or explaining the behavior of molecules in biological systems. With
technological advances, such computational methods have gained more and more space in the
Planning and Development of Drugs, in view of their predictive role, accelerating the
identification of bioactive compounds. This work aims to identify new entities with
antibacterial activity against MRSA and VRSA strains, from polyoxygenated dibenzofuran
derivatives, through Virtual Screening based on Ligands (Pharmacophore) and Structure,
predictions of Biological Activity, predictions of Lipophilicity and Water solubility, as well as
in vitro Biological and Antioxidant activity assays. For this work, molecules were selected in
ascending order of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for ATCC25923 S. aureus,
ranging from 0.24 μg/mL to >30 μg/mL from the study by Oramas-Royo et al., (2017). The
geometric optimization of the 3D structure of the molecules was performed in the ChemSketch
software using the MM+ method. The pharmacophoric model was obtained from the
Pharmagist server, with a 3D structure from the aligned pharmacophoric characteristics,
obtaining a score equal to 32.476. For the Virtual Screening based on Pharmacophore, the
Pharmit platform was used, where the search for molecules was carried out in the MolPort
database (Top100). The similarity between the molecules was analyzed by the Tanimoto
Similarity Index, calculated in the BindingDB webserver. Predictions of toxicological and
pharmacokinetic properties (ADME/Tox) were performed on ProTox II and PREADMET
webservers. The molecules that presented satisfactory results in the pharmacokinetic and
toxicological analyzes were submitted to Biological Activity prediction, using the PASS online
server. Antibacterial activity was predicted via Antibac-Pred, which revealed that the pivot
molecules, oxacillin, methicillin, and the molecule MolPort-001-741-320 (LB320) showed
activity against S. aureus. The Molecular Docking study was carried out through the DockThor
online server. The molecular targets of the MRSA and VRSA strains were obtained from the
Protein Data Bank database, with the respective PDB ID's codes: 4CJN and 4GSY. The
promising molecule LB320 presented the best results in the Docking simulations. The
lipophilicity and water solubility values were predicted in the SwissADME online server, where
the commercial compounds and the LB255 molecule presented hydrophilic character, however,
the LB320 and LB415 molecules were more lipophilic, however having water solubility. For
the in vitro biological assay, standard bacterial cultures of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC700699 (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus NRS402
(VRSA) will be used. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) will be determined by the
microplate dilution technique (96 wells) according to CLSI standard M7-A6. The in silico
prediction of the antioxidant activity of the structures will be performed using the PASS online
server and in vitro using the DPPH and ABTS methodologies.

The agroforestry homegardens represent a system of coordinated land use, mostly of family labor, presenting an aggregated management of trees and shrubs of varied uses, with agricultural crops and the presence or absence of animals. In this sense, the objective of this study was to characterize the agroforestry homegardens of small rural producers in a stretch downstream of the Ferreira Gomes Energia hydroelectric plant, considering their socioeconomic structure, degree of food (in)security, floristic and phytosociological composition, ethnobotany and floristic composition of the most successful homegardens. The study area comprises the banks of the Araguari River, between the municipalities of Ferreira Gomes, Tartarugalzinho and Cutias. Data collection selected 40 requests from 40 agroforestry gardens that met the research criteria, as well as the socioeconomic forms of ethnobotany were applied to the requests, in addition to the delivery of the 100% floristic inventory. Subsequently, all data were organized and tabulated in the Microsoft Office Excel 2019 program, specifically for socioeconomics, ethnobotany and the composition of more successful homegardens, with graphs and tables being constructed. For the phytosociological parameters, the analysis was performed using the Fitopac software. The generated results were discussed based on the specific literature searched in academic data sites. In this way, the results indicated that the surveyed homegardens registered 85% of educated people who did not go to school or did not complete elementary school, consequently 52.5% adopted a monthly income of up to one minimum wage at the time (R$ 998.00) and 42 .5% of these homegardens have some type of food (in)security. The surveyed homegardens adopted a variation in size with an average of 0.34 ha, a size that was sufficient to implant cultivated plant species, for family consumption and surplus production through these crops, in addition to a preference for livestock such as chickens, buffaloes , ducks and pigs. The floristic composition presented 110 species distributed in 47 families and 86 genera. Families with the highest number of species were: Lamiaceae, Arecaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae and Myrtaceae; and the most frequent genera are Citrus and Mentha. When considering the floristic and phytosociological analysis with CAP > 2.5 cm, 22 families were catalogued, 51 species distributed in 1430 individuals. The estimated average height was 8.55 m, the Shannon-Wiener index of 2.71, evenness of 0.69 and Shannon diversity of 0.87, indicating good diversity of homegardens. Regarding the forest structure, the species with the highest density were Euterpe oleracea Mart. (28.95%), Psidium guajava L. (12.45%), and Mangifera indica L. (12.17%); the most dominant were Mangifera indica L. (43.28%), Spondias mombin L. (11.60%), Anacardium occidentale L. (9.18%); the most frequent were Mangifera indica L. (8.01%), Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (7.42%), Psidium guajava L. (7.12%) and Anacardium occidentale L. (6.82%). , and Mangifera indica L. (63.46%), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (41.52%), Anacardium occidentale L. (21.95%), and Psidium guajava L. (21. 07%). In the ethnocategories of species uses, most are for multiple uses, with emphasis on food (80 species), medicinal (58 species), ornamental (21 species) and other uses (20 species). Thus, the homegardens on the Araguari River have simple and low-cost management practices, often using knowledge passed on by family generations, seeking to complement the food of properties with low commercialization of surpluses. The most successful homegardens were more influenced by socioeconomic and cultural criteria than by sizes and ages. In this way, due to their socioeconomic and socioenvironmental importance for the residents and the region, the agroforestry homegardens constitute a viable land use system for the Araguari River, as they seek to minimize impacts, but are still little explored, both by the community and by the public Power.